A IS A CONCEPTUAL TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING CERTAIN SPECIFIED PHENOMENA.Adam doesn’t know whether he will be thanked or criticized if he helps cook dinner. He is uncertain about:Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)1. A is a conceptual tool for understanding certain specified phenomena.a. theoryb. theoretical constructc. psychological testd. variable2. Personality researchers use:a. self-report measuresb. projective testsc. behavioral measuresd. All of the above.3. The unconscious is least likely to be revealed through:a. the interpretation of dreamsb. humorc. objective testsd. free association4. According to the text, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., spoke in symbolic terms of the future potentials of the world because he was:a. a ministerb. an intuitive typec. blackd. an extravert5. The archetypes that are closest to consciousness are the:a. Great Mother and the Spiritual Fatherb. Hero and the Tricksterc. Mandala and the Selfd. Shadow and the Anima (or Animus)6. Organ inferiority, the aggressive drive, masculine protest, superiority striving, and perfection striving are:a. stages that occur, one after the other, in the development of normal personalityb. stages that occur, one after the other, in the development of unhealthy personalityc. processes in the development of Adler’s thinking about personalityd. various diagnostic categories7. The effects of birth order are:a. consistently found, by research, to confirm Adler’s predictionsb. universal across cultures and socioeconomic levelsc. significant for achievement, supporting Adler’s theory, but not for other aspects of personalityd. often significant in research, but with varying effects in different studies8. The task of infancy, in Erikson’s terminology, is to develop a sense of:a. autonomyb. the bodyc. trustd. attachment to the mother9. Erikson’s theory implies that problems with technology are relevant to which stage of development?a. secondb. fourthc. sixthd. seventh10. The appeal of love is related to:a. the self-effacing solutionb. the expansive solutionc. resignation (solution)d. None of the above.11. When Allport met Freud, what happened?a. Freud analyzed Allport’s dreams.b. Freud experienced a powerful countertransference.c. Allport thought that Freud misunderstood him.d. Allport proposed that he develop a test to measure Freudian defense mechanisms.12. Which of the following is not listed by Allport as characteristic of a normal, mature adult?a. warm human interactionsb. emotional securityc. realistic perceptionsd. financial success13. Cattell classified projective tests, such as the Rorschach inkblot test, as:a. D-datab. L-datac. Q-datad. T-data14. Imitating others is made possible biologically by:a. mirror neuronsb. memory strategiesc. evolved psychological mechanismsd. temperament15. Children who cried and clung to their mothers, in Kagan’s studies, were called:a. inhibitedb. neuroticc. difficulty childrend. uninhibited16. In addition to Freud’s first three psychosexual stages, Dollard and Miller described a fourth stage, concerned with conflict over:a. angerb. sex rolesc. siblingsd. playmates17. Because they both thought in terms of privacy and power, Nixon and Kissinger could relate well to one another, according to Kelly’s Corollary.a. Choiceb. Commonalityc. Modulationd. Sociality18. “Slot-movement” refers to:a. radical changes, such as from atheist to “born-again Christian”b. role changes, such as moving from being a student to being an employeec. gamblingd. a method for scoring personality tests19. Adam doesn’t know whether he will be thanked or criticized if he helps cook dinner. He is uncertain about:a. self-efficacy expectanciesb. competenciesc. encoding strategiesd. behavior-outcome expectancies20. “If I ask Jane to go to the movies, will she go, or reject me?” This is a question of:a. reciprocal determinismb. stimulus-outcome expectanciesc. behavior-outcome expectanciesd. self-efficacy expectancies21. Bandura expanded learning theory by his work on the importance of:a. extinctionb. generalizationc. modelingd. punishment22. The best guide to healthy growth, according to Rogers, is:a. a professional psychotherapistb. a religious philosophy of lifec. the organismic valuing processd. careful reasoning23. Adolescents who are creative are likely to have had parents who:a. encouraged their children’s curiosity in early lifeb. encouraged their children to control their emotionsc. were critical of themd. helped their children with their work24. Which of the following illustrates B-motivation?a. jealousyb. beauty, truth, and justicec. focused attentiond. business25. Buddhism traces its roots back about years.a. 1000b. 1500c. 2500d. 5000Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)1. Psychology attempts to understand human nature using the method of:a. scienceb. literaturec. intuitiond. philosophy2. A measure in which a person is given a score on some dimension, for example, a score of 61 or 85 on a 100-point scale of “traditionality,” is a measure.a. qualitativeb. quantitativec. factoriald. typological3. Personality dynamics includes which of the following?a. adaptation to the environmentb. cognitive processesc. cultural influenced. All of the above.4. Biological influences result in differences in styles of behavior and emotional reactions in infancy and afterwards. Which term best describes such differences?a. personalityb. traitc. typed. temperament5. Theoretical constructs are:a. obsolete in modern personality theoryb. the concepts of a theoryc. used only in experimental researchd. used only in correlational research6. A theory that offers practical strategies for improving human life is said to have:a. comprehensivenessb. applied valuec. generalizabilityd. empirical verifiability7. Which approach to