Question 1
A 2-year-old male is diagnosed with Wilms tumor. Which of the following clinical conditions is often associated with this disease?
a. Cystic disease of the liver
b. Aniridia
c. Anemia
d. Hypothyroidism
Question 2
A nurse is preparing to teach about the loop of Henle. Which information should be included? The descending segment of the loop of Henle primarily allows for:
a. Sodium secretion
b. Potassium secretion
c. Hydrogen ion reabsorption
d. Water reabsorption
Question 3
A nurse is describing the trigone. Which information should be included? The trigone is defined as:
a. The orifice of the ureter
b. The inner area of the kidney
c. A triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra
d. The three divisions of the loop of Henle
Question 4
When the nurse discusses the glomerulus and Bowman capsule together, it is referred to as the renal:
a. Corpuscle
b. Capsule
c. Medulla
d. Pyramid
Question 5
A 5-year-old male was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis.History reveals that he had an infection 3 weeks before the onset of this condition. The infection was most likely located in the:
a. bone.
b. gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
c. respiratory tract.
d. ear.
Question 6
A 75-year-old male reports to his primary care provider loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?
a. Urge incontinence
b. Stress incontinence
c. Overflow incontinence
d. Functional incontinence
Question 7
A nurse observes on the chart that a patient is admitted with Wilms tumors. A nurse knows the tumors are found in the:
a. kidneys.
b. ureters.
c. bladder.
d. urethra.
Question 8
A 35-year-old female was severely burned and is hospitalized. She is now suffering from acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?
a. Prerenal
b. Intrarenal
c. Extrarenal
d. Postrenal
Question 9
A 24-year-old female is diagnosed with renal calculus that is causing obstruction. Which of the following symptoms would she most likely experience?
a. Anuria
b. Hematuria
c. Pyuria
d. Flank pain
Question 10
If a nurse wants to obtain the best estimate of renal function, which test should the nurse monitor?
a. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
b. Circulating antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels
c. Volume of urine output
d. Urine-specific gravity
Question 11
While planning care for a patient who has acute pyelonephritis. A nurse recalls the most common condition associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis is:
a. Cystitis
b. Renal cancer
c. Urinary tract obstruction
d. Nephrotic syndrome
Question 12
When a nurse is preparing to teach about urine, which information should the nurse include? Just before entering the ureter, urine passes through the:
a. Collecting duct
b. Renal pelvis
c. Urethra
d. Major calyx
Question 13
When a patient’s renal system secretes rennin, what effect will that cause in the body? It causes the direct activation of:
a. Angiotensin I
b. Angiotensin II
c. Antidiuretic hormone
d. Aldosterone
Question 14
Anemia accompanies chronic renal failure because of:
a. Blood loss via the urine
b. Renal insensitivity to vitamin D
c. Inadequate production of erythropoietin
d. Inadequate retention of serum iron
Question 15
A 4-year-old male is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome.Which of the following assessment findings accompanies this condition?
a. Proteinuria
b. Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
c. Hematuria
d. Sodium loss
Question 16
A 19-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle accident during which she sustained a closed head injury. She is now experiencing detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. Which of the following is the most beneficial medication treatment?
a. Alpha blocker
b. Beta blocker
c. Vasodilator
d. Diuretic
Question 17
A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin being the major protein. The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is:
a. cystitis.
b. chronic pyelonephritis.
c. acute glomerulonephritis.
d. renal calculi.
Question 18
A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While planning care, the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by:
a. decreased renal blood flow.
b. decreased peritubular capillary pressure.
c. dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to a blockage.
d. stimulation of antidiuretic hormone.
Question 19
A 15-year-old female presents with flank pain, irritability, malaise, and fever. Tests reveal glomerulonephritis. When the parents ask what could have caused this, how should the nurse respond?
a. poststreptococcal infection
b. nephropathy
c. nephrotic syndrome
d. potter syndrome
Question 20