J.T. is a 78 year old Hmong woman. She is currently experiencing extreme shortness of breath at her home.J.T. is a 78 year old Hmong woman. She is currently experiencing extreme shortness of breath at her home. She was alone in her home. Her neighbor noticed her distress and called 911. J.T. is of Southern Chinese descent, on Medicare, and has lived in the U.S. for 45 years. EMS believes J.T. needs emergency care at a hospital. The Hmong have an unfavorable regard for hospitals, believing hospitals were inhabited by spirits of people who died there (Thorburn, Kue, Keon,