MULTIPLE MYELOMA CAN RESULT IN A NUMBER OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND PARANEOPLASTIC CONDITIONS IN THE CANINE AND FELINE PATIENT. FOR EACH OF THESE CONDITIONS, DESCRIBE WHY THESE CHANGES OCCUR, THE RESULTING CLINICAL SYNDROME, AND APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT OF THESE CLINICAL EFFECTS.4. Multiple myeloma can result in a number of pathophysiological and paraneoplasticconditions in the canine and feline patient. For each of these conditions, describe whythese changes occur, the resulting clinical syndrome, and appropriate management ofthese clinical effects. Include in your answer an estimate of how frequently eachcondition occurs in dogs and cats. (30 marks)Continued over pageVeterinary Oncology Paper 2 Page 4 of 5© 2016 The Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists ABN 00 50 000894 2085. Mammary neoplasiaAnswer all parts of this question:a) Compare and contrast the reported prognostic factors for canine and felinemammary cancers. Include in your answer at least five (5) factors for both thecanine and feline disease. (5 marks)b) A referring veterinarian seeks your opinion as to whether ovariohysterectomy isindicated in a nine-year-old female dog scheduled for excision of a mammarymass later the same day. Relate the available literature to this case, and providean appropriate rationale for the advice you would provide in this instance.(10 marks)c) Adjuvant chemotherapy is frequently used in multimodal treatment of canine andfeline mammary carcinomas. With reference to current literature, discuss the useof adjuvant chemotherapy for both canine and feline mammary carcinomas, andcomment on the justification for each protocol or agent considered. (15 marks)6. ToceranibAnswer all parts of this question:a) Describe the mechanism of action of toceranib phosphate and explain howcancer cells develop resistance to the effect(s) of this drug. (8 marks)b) List the potential adverse effects of this medication, and explain why theseadverse effects may occur. (8 marks)c) With reference to current literature, discuss the role of toceranib in themanagement of canine and feline tumours. (14 marks)Continued over pageVeterinary Oncology Paper 2 Page 5 of 5© 2016 The Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists ABN 00 50 000894 2087. Discuss prognostic factors for osteosarcoma in dogs including how each factorspecifically relate to survival time. For each factor provide at least one (1) referencefrom veterinary literature. (30 marks)8. Compare and contrast canine multicentric, gastrointestinal and epitheliotropiclymphoma. Your answer should address the diagnosis and management of eachcondition. (30 marks)